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雅思哥紐約時報精讀

?原 文 譯 文?

1.?Silicon Valley prides itself on “thinking different.” So maybe it makes sense that just as a lot of industries have begun paying more attention to work-life balance, Silicon Valley is taking the opposite approach — and branding workaholism?as a desirable lifestyle choice. An entire cottage industry has sprung up?there, selling an internet-centric prosperity gospel that says that there is no higher calling than to start your own company, and that to succeed you must be willing to give up everything.

硅谷為“不同凡想（thinking different）”而自豪。因此，在許多行業開始更加注重工作和生活的平衡時，硅谷反其道而行之，把工作狂標榜為理想的生活方式之選可能看上去也說得通。那里已經出現了一個完全是作坊式的產業，販賣以互聯網為中心的成功學，稱沒有比創業更崇高的使命，還說要取得成功，必須愿意放棄一切。

2.?“Hustle” is the word that tech people use to describe this nerd-commando lifestyle. You hear it everywhere. You can buy hustle-themed T-shirts and coffee mugs, with slogans like “Dream, hustle, profit, repeat” and “Outgrind, outhustle, outwork everyone.” You can go to an eight-week “start-up hustle” boot camp. （Boot camp!） You can also attend Hustle Con, a one-day conference where successful “hustlers” share their secrets. Tickets cost around $300 — or you can pay $2,000 to be a “V.I.P. hustler.” This year’s conference, in June, drew 2,800 people, including two dozen who ponied up?for V.I.P. passes.

科技行業從業者用“奮斗”（Hustle）這個詞來描述這種極客突擊隊的生活方式。到處都能聽到這個詞，還能買到以它為主題的T恤和咖啡杯，上面印著“夢想、奮斗、利潤、重復”和“比所有人都更辛苦、更忙碌、更努力”口號。你可以去為期八周的“創業奮斗”訓練營（訓練營！），也可以參加只有一天時間的奮斗大會（Hustle Con），聽成功的“奮斗者”分享他們的訣竅。票價300美元左右（約合2000元人民幣），或者你也可以花2000美元（約合13000人民幣），成為“VIP奮斗者”。今年的大會已于6月舉行，吸引了2800人，其中20多人花錢買了VIP票。

3.?But for some, “hustle” is just a euphemism?for extreme workaholism. Gary Vaynerchuk, a.k.a. Gary Vee, an entrepreneur and angel investor who has 1.5 million Twitter followers and a string of best-selling books with titles like “Crush It!,” tells his acolytes?they should be working 18 hours a day. Every day. No vacations, no going on dates, no watching TV. “If you want bling bling, if you want to buy the jets?” he asks in one of his motivational speeches.?“Work. That’s how you get it.”

但對一些人來說，“奮斗”只是極端工作狂的一種委婉說法。加里·沃伊內楚克（Gary Vaynerchuk），又名加里·維伊（Gary Vee），是一位企業家，也是一名天使投資人。他在Twitter上有150萬粉絲，還出版了一系列以《碾壓它》（Crush It!）等為名的暢銷書。他告訴自己的粉絲，他們應該一天工作18個小時。每天都這樣。不能休假，不能約會，不能看電視。“想閃亮全場嗎？想買飛機嗎？”他在一場勵志演講中問道。“那就工作吧。工作才能讓你得到這一切。”

4.?Mr. Vaynerchuk is also a judge on Apple’s “Planet of the Apps,” a reality show where app developers compete to win funding from a venture capital firm. A recent promo?depicted a contestant alongside this quotation: “I rarely get to see my kids. That’s a risk you have to take.” The show’s promotional?tweet added: “For the ultimate reward, he’ll put everything on the line.”

沃伊內楚克還是蘋果《應用星球》（Planet of the Apps）的評委。這是一檔應用開發者爭奪一家風險投資公司資金的真人秀節目。在最近的廣告中，一名參賽者旁邊的引語是：“我幾乎見不到我的孩子。這是必須承擔的風險。”節目的宣傳推文接著說：“為了最終的獎勵，他將投入一切。”

5.?Good grief. The guy is developing an app that lets you visualize?how a coffee table from a?catalog?might look in your living room. I suppose that’s cool, but is it really more important than seeing your kids? Is the chance to raise some venture-capital funding really “the ultimate reward”? （Apple pulled the promo after a wave of critical comments on Twitter.）

天哪。這名參賽者正在開發一款應用，它能讓你直觀地看到商品目錄上的一款咖啡桌放在你家客廳里是什么樣子。我想，這款應用很酷，但它真的比見到自己的孩子更重要嗎？籌集到一些風險投資的機會，真的是“最終的獎勵”嗎？（在Twitter上引發批評浪潮后，蘋果撤下了這篇宣傳推文。）

6.?This is sad enough for start-up?founders, but rank-and-file?workers are buying into this madness, too. Last year, Lyft published a blog post praising a driver who kept picking up fares even after she went into labor and was driving to the hospital to give birth. Critics saw dystopian?implications — “horrifying” was how Gizmodo put it — and Lyft deleted the post. But people at the company, including the driver herself, seemed genuinely puzzled by the negative reaction.

這對創業者來說已經夠慘了，但普通員工也相信這種瘋狂。去年，Lyft發表了一篇博客，稱贊一名在開始陣痛后仍堅持載客并自己駕車去醫院分娩的司機。批評人士從中看到了反烏托邦的意涵——Gizmodo網站的評價是“駭人聽聞”——Lyft刪除了博客。但該公司的員工，包括那名司機自己，似乎真的對文章引起的負面反饋感到不解。

7.?A century ago, factory workers were forming unions and going on strike?to demand better conditions and a limit on hours. Today, Silicon Valley employees celebrate their own exploitation. “9 to 5 is for the weak” says a popular T-shirt. A venture capitalist named Keith Rabois recently boasted on Twitter that he worked for 18 years while taking less than one week of vacation. Wannabe Zuckerbergs are told that starting a company is like joining the Navy SEALs. For a certain type of person — usually young and male — the hardship is part of the allure.

一百年前，工廠的工人成立工會并舉行罷工，要求改善工作條件和限制工作時間。如今，硅谷的員工卻頌揚自己遭受的剝削。一款流行T恤上寫著“朝九晚五屬于無能者”（9 to 5 is for the weak）。一個名叫基思·拉布瓦（Keith Rabois）的風險投資人最近在Twitter上炫耀自己工作18年，休假時間不超過一周。渴望成為扎克伯格的人被告知，創業就像加入海豹突擊隊（Navy SEALs）一樣。對某一類人——通常是年輕、男性——來說，磨難也是誘惑的一部分。

8.?The truth is that much of the extra effort these entrepreneurs and their employees are putting in is pointless anyway. Working beyond 56 hours in a week adds little productivity, according to a 2014 report by the Stanford economist John Pencavel. But the point may be less about productivity than about demonstrating commitment and team spirit.

真相是，這些創業者和他們的員工付出的額外努力中，很多是沒有意義的。根據斯坦福大學的經濟學家約翰·彭卡韋爾（John Pencavel）在2014年發布的一份報告，一周工作超過56個小時幾乎不會帶來生產率的增加。但重要的可能不是生產率，而是表現出責任感和團隊精神。

9.?“Everyone wants to be a model employee,” said Anim Aweh, a clinical social worker in the Bay Area who sees a lot of stressed-out?tech workers. “One woman told me: ‘The expectation is not that you should work smart, it’s that you should work hard. It’s just do, do, do, until you can’t do anymore.’ ”

“人人都想當模范員工，”目睹很多科技行業員工壓力過大的灣區臨床社工阿尼姆·阿韋（Anim Aweh）說。“一個女人告訴我：‘對員工的期望不是聰明地工作，而是努力地工作。就是工作、工作、工作，直到再也動不了。’”

10.?This has led to tragedy. Last year, Joseph Thomas, an engineer at Uber, committed suicide. His widow blamed the company’s gung-ho culture, with its long hours and intense psychological pressure.

這已經造成了悲劇。去年，優步（Uber）的工程師約瑟夫·托馬斯（Joseph Thomas）自殺。他的遺孀將其歸咎于公司工作時間長、心理壓力大的拼命文化。

11.?Now some are pushing back. David Heinemeier Hansson, a software developer, is on a crusade?to persuade entrepreneurs that they can succeed without working themselves to death. （The sad thing is that this even needs to be said.）

現在，一些人開始反擊。軟件開發人員戴維·海涅邁爾·漢森（David Heinemeier Hansson）正試圖說服創業者，讓他們相信不用累得要死也能成功。（遺憾的是，這一點居然還需要說。）

12.?In a recent essay Mr. Hansson excoriated?venture capitalists as brainwashing founders with “an ingrained mythology around start-ups that not only celebrates burnout?efforts but damn well requires it.” He says V.C.s are exploiting founders. Their attitude is, “Make me rich or die tryin’,” he wrote.

在最近的一篇文章中，漢森指責風險投資人用“根深蒂固的創業神話”給創業者洗腦，“不僅頌揚掏空自己，還把這作為基本要求。”他說，風險投資人在剝削創業者。他們的態度是，“要么讓我富起來，要么就死在嘗試的過程中，”他寫道。

13.?“Die trying” is by far the more likely outcome. The vast majority of start-ups fail. The odds of striking a huge Facebook-level success are?infinitesimally?tiny. No one knows this better than the V.C.s, who improve their odds by spreading their bets onto dozens of companies and whipping?them all into?a frenzy.

到目前為止，“死在嘗試的過程中”的可能性更大。絕大部分創業公司都會以失敗告終。取得Facebook那種級別的巨大成功的幾率微乎其微。沒人比風險投資人更清楚這一點了。他們通過把賭注分散在幾十家公司上，并把它們都攪成一股狂熱來增加自己成功的幾率。

14.?Mr. Hansson’s essay singled out?Mr. Rabois, the venture capitalist who worked for 18 years with hardly any vacation. This prompted a debate on Twitter, where Mr. Rabois sniped?that Mr. Hansson’s take-it-easy approach to building a company would be perfect — “for lazy people who want to accomplish nothing.”

漢森的文章把工作了18年卻幾乎沒有休假的風險投資人拉布瓦單獨挑了出來。這在Twitter上引發了一場爭論。拉布瓦抨擊說，漢森輕松對待的創業方式堪稱完美，但只是“對希望一事無成的懶人而言”。

15.?Mr. Hansson and his business partner, Jason Fried, run a Chicago software company, Basecamp, that employs 56 people and turns a profit. The workweek is capped at 40 hours and gets pared back to?32 in summer. Mr. Hansson has enough free time that he competes as an amateur driver in endurance car races.

漢森和商業伙伴賈森·弗里德（Jason Fried）經營著一家名為Basecamp的芝加哥軟件公司，雇傭了56名員工，公司已經在盈利。每周的工作時間上限為40小時，夏季削減到32小時。漢森先生擁有足夠多的空閑時間，可以作為業余車手參加耐力賽車比賽。

16.?In 2010, the two men published “Rework,” a book denouncing workaholism, and they’re publishing another one, “The Calm Company,” next year. Mr. Hansson told me that they’ve grown dismayed “seeing people being asked to give up their vacations, their sleep, their youth, their family and their morals on the start-up altar.”

2010年，兩人出版了一本譴責工作狂的書《重來》（Rework），明年他們還要出版一本《平靜的公司》（The Calm Company）。漢森對我說，“看到人們在創業的祭壇上被要求放棄假期、睡眠、青春、家庭和倫理”，他們有一種觸目驚心的感覺。

17.?They run workshops and do a lot of public speaking. Their talks usually go over well — although in San Francisco they often hear “incredulous?gasps,” Mr. Fried reported. Mr. Hansson added: “People tell us we’re not ambitious enough. We’re not trying to change the world. The perversion?runs so deep.”

他們舉辦研討會，發表了很多公開演講。弗里德說，他們的發言通常都被很好地接納——盡管在舊金山，他們經常聽到“不可思議的吸氣聲”。漢森則說：“有人對我們說，我們的雄心壯志還不夠。我們并不試圖改變世界。這種扭曲的毒害太深了。”

18.?The chance to become the next 20-something tech celebrity billionaire has not lost its power. Every year thousands of fresh recruits flood into San Francisco, hoping to be baptized into the religion of the hustle. As bad as things have become today, there might be worse to come.

成為下一位高科技界身家上億的20出頭名人，這種機會的吸引力依然很大。每年有數以千計的新人涌入舊金山，希望能夠接受這種奮斗的宗教的洗禮。如今的情況已經很惡劣，但以后還可能更加糟糕。

?精 讀 解 析?

篇章結構：

P1：硅谷加班文化流行。

P2—P7：加班文化在硅谷的普及情況：創業者和普通員工都迷信加班文化。

P8—P10：加班文化的負面影響。

P11—P17：對加班文化的抨擊以及扭轉這種歪曲的努力。

P18：加班文化仍然有其吸引力，其影響根深蒂固。

重點詞匯：

??workaholism?/'w??k?,h?l?z?m/n.?醉心工作;迷戀工作

【例句】

Workaholism may take its toll on a person's life, but it does have advantages. ??

迷戀工作可能危害人的生命，但確也有好處。

??spring up 出現；萌芽；涌現

【例句】

Investigations sprung up on three continents.

三個大洲的調查人員展開調查。

A delicate daffodil sprang up from the fissure.

地縫里開出了一朵嬌艷的黃水仙。

??outgrind；outhustle；outwork

這幾個詞我都不作詳細講解，在這里列出來是你要大家去關注一下前綴out-表示超過的意思，這個之前已經有過很多次講解，大家可以回顧一下。

??pony?up 付賬；交出

【例句】

She can at least tell us if it's worth ponying up for the clinic.

至少她可以告訴我們 要不要去診所花錢。

???euphemism?/'ju?f?m?z(?)m/?n.?委婉語;委婉說法

注：委婉是一種修辭的技巧，將新的字詞使用在原本無法大聲張揚、有負面意涵、具有攻擊性或在社會脈絡中有禁忌的地方。在西方，由于宗教上的禁忌，不可直呼神明，所以會用委婉的方式找尋代名，而在中國自古以來也不可以直呼皇帝的名諱或使用與其相關的字匯，所以也有許多避諱的用法。而這樣的用語則稱為委婉語。

【例句】

Euphemism is a mode of expression that exists in all cultures.

委婉語是各種文化中都存在的一種表達方式。

??angel investor?n. 天使投資者（用自己的資金投資一家初創公司的富人）

【例句】

An elevator pitch is often used by an entrepreneur pitching an idea to a venture capitalist or angel investor to receive funding.

通常創業者會用“電梯游說”來向風險投資家和天使投資者推銷自己的生意理念，以籌得資金。

? acolyte?/'?k?la?t/?n. 侍僧；助手（指教士的）

【例句】

And so our most promising acolyte left us.

就這樣，我們最有前途的助手離開了我們。

motivational speech勵志演講

???promo /'pr??m??/?n.?商品推銷;商品廣告,廣告片

【例句】

Send them your promo link and invite them the join. ?

給他們發送的促銷環節，并邀請他們加入。

??promotional /pr??m?u??nl/?adj.?促銷的

【短語】

promotional pricing推銷訂價

promotional activities/?events促銷活動；行銷活動；營銷推廣活動計劃建議；推廣活動

promotional allowance推廣津貼;業務推廣津貼

【例句】

She was on a promotional tour for her books.

她在各地推銷自己的書作。

This is a research document, not promotional material.

這是研究文件 不是宣傳材料。

注：這一段涉及到了promote這個詞的兩個拓展用法，那我們就來看一下這個詞吧~

promote?vt. 提升, 提拔；籌劃, 發起, 創立；推銷；促進; 推動; 增進

【短語】

promote cadre提干

promote cooperation促進合作

promote reform促進改革

promote regional cooperation促進地區間合作

promote sales促銷；推銷商品

promote the unification of china促進祖國的統一

【同根】

promoted?adj. 晉升的

promoter n.?(房地產、證券和體育賽事的)承辦人, 出資人, 贊助人

promotee n. 被提升者；獲晉級者

promotion?n. 提升,晉級；宣傳;推銷

【例句】

to promote the resurgence and prosperity of China

有利于中國的振興和富強

She has recently been promoted to manager.

她最近被升遷為經理。

??catalog /'k?t?l?:g/?n. 目錄；登記v. 為…編目錄；登記；按確定價格收入目錄（等于catalogue）

【例句】

This stamp catalog(ue)s at five dollars.

這張郵票的價目是五美元。

a catalog of all the books in the library

圖書館里所有書籍的目錄

???visualize /?vi?u?laiz/?vt.?在腦中使(某人或某物)形象化, 設想, 想像

【同根】

Visual adj.?視覺的, 看得見的

【例句】

He attempted to visualize his grandmother's uncle.

他試著想像他祖母的叔叔的樣子。

Visualizing is seeing something in your mind.

視覺化就是在腦海里看見某個東西。

???start-up /'stɑ:t?p/?n. 啟動；初創企業adj. 起動階段的；開始階段的

start-up founder創業者

???rank-and-file n. 普通士兵，普通成員；工黨的普通黨員

rank-and-file worker?普通員工

【例句】

But what of the rank and file of them? The planters would scratch a few acres and live in poverty.

但是他們中的大多數人又怎么樣呢？那些農場主會弄到幾英畝土地過窮日子。

??dystopian /dis't?upi?n/?adj. 反面烏托邦的,反面假想國的n. 反面烏托邦的鼓吹者(或描寫者)

注1：

反烏托邦是烏托邦（utopia）的反義語，希臘語字面意思是「不好的地方」（not-good place），它是一種不得人心、令人恐懼的假想社區或社會，是與理想社會相反的，一種極端惡劣的社會最終形態。

注2：

前綴dys- == 不良、惡、困難，類似用法還有：

dysfunction (醫)機能失調，功能紊亂

dysphonia 發音困難

dyspepsia 消化不良

dyspathy 反感

dysgenesis 生殖力不良

dysopsy 弱視

【例句】

He says dystopian stories are easier to write.

他說寫反烏托邦故事容易些。

Dystopian means an imaginary society where people are unhappy and afraid.

反烏托邦是一種假想的社會，這種社會中的人們生活在不幸和恐懼當中。

???on strike 罷工，罷工中

【例句】

All the workers are on strike.

所有的工人都在罷工。

??allure /?'lj??/?v. 吸引；引誘，誘惑n. 誘惑力

【同根】

allurement?n. 誘惑;吸引；誘惑物;有誘惑力的事物

allurer引誘者,引誘物

alluring adj.?誘惑的, 迷人的

【例句】

The allure and charm of Paris captivate all who visit there.

巴黎的誘惑與魅力吸引了所有到此游玩的人。

The beautiful beaches of Hawaii allure many tourists from the mainland of the United States.

夏威夷美麗的海濱吸引了許多從美國本土來的游客。

???stressed-out /'strestaut/?adj.?因心理緊張而被壓垮的；不堪重負的；承受巨大壓力的

【例句】

I'm really happy right now, and I feel calm and not stressed out.

我現在真的很開心，而且我很平靜，一點壓力也沒有。

???gung-ho /'g??'h?u/?adj. [美]同心協力的；雄心壯志的；強烈的；起勁的，熱心的

gung-ho culture?拼命文化

【例句】

But critics felt the sudden British embrace of China was too gung-ho.

有人對此表示反對，他們認為英國突然對中國敞開懷抱未免太過熱情。

? crusade?/kru?'se?d/?n. 改革運動；十字軍東侵v. 加入十字軍；從事改革運動

【短語】

crusade against?v.?討伐

【例句】

He crusaded against monopoly, aristocracy, slavery and more.

他嚴詞討伐壟斷勢力，貴族階層和奴隸制度等不平等的制度。

??excoriate /?k'sk??r?e?t/?v. 擦傷,擦破(皮膚)；剝(皮)；嚴厲指責,痛斥

【同根】

excoriation n.?嚴厲的責難,苛責,表皮脫落；抓痕

【例句】

an editorial that excoriated the administration for its inaction.

一篇強烈譴責政府無所事事的社論

His palms were excoriated by the hard labor of shoveling.

他的手掌因干挖土的活兒而磨破了皮。

??brainwash /'bre?nw??/?v. <貶>對…進行洗腦,把某種思想強加于,通過宣傳灌輸說服n. 洗腦

【例句】

To brainwash means to make someone accept new beliefs by using repeated pressure in a forceful or tricky way.

洗腦是指以強力或取巧的辦法重復施加壓力讓某人接受新的信仰。

??burnout /'b??na?t/?n. 燒壞；燃料燒盡

【例句】

Many students have burnout after taking exams.

考試過后許多學生筋疲力盡。

???infinitesimal /??nf?n?'tes?m(?)l/?adj. 極微小的adv. 無限小地

【例句】

Prissy quickened her gait infinitesimally and Scarlett went back into the house.

百里茜這才稍稍加快了腳步，思嘉也回到屋里來。

If there is any salt in this soup, it must be infinitesimal. I can't taste it.

如果湯里有鹽的話，一定很少，我吃不出味道來。

???whip?into 把…攪成；把…激發成…

【例句】

A sharp wind whipped the fallen snow up into the air and blew it into every hole and corner.

凜冽的寒風將落在地面上的雪卷向空中，又吹進每一個洞穴和角落。

???single out 挑出；挑選

【例句】

I was singled out as Shanghai Expo Miss Etiquette in 2010.

我曾經是2010年上海世博會的禮儀小姐。

??snipe?/sna?p/?n. 狙擊；香煙屁股；[鳥]鷸；被開玩笑的人物v. 狙擊；伏擊；抨擊；獵鳥；誹謗

【例句】

The state governor constantly sniped at the president.

州長經常含沙射影地攻擊總統。

A gunman sniped at them from the roof.

槍手從屋頂上向他們狙擊。

??get pared back to?縮減到…；被縮減到…

??incredulous /?n'kredj?l?s/?adj.?表示懷疑的, 不相信的；不可思議的

【例句】

The student looked incredulous and angry.

學生看上去將信將疑，有些生氣。

She gave me an incredulous glance.

她懷疑地瞥我了一眼。

? perversion /p?'v???(?)n/?n. 顛倒；曲解；誤用；墮落；反常

【例句】

That it was black blasphemy and perversion. ?

它是邪惡的褻瀆和墮落。

重點句子:

An entire cottage industry has sprung up there, selling an internet-centric prosperity gospel that says that there is no higher calling than to start your own company, and that to succeed you must be willing to give up everything.

這個句子比較長，首先來劃分意群：

An entire cottage industry has sprung up there,?//?selling an internet-centric prosperity gospel // that says that there is no higher calling than to start your own company, // and that to succeed you must be willing to give up everything.

這個句子的主干是：An entire cottage industry has sprung up there。后面的selling部分，是一個動詞的現在分詞引起的伴隨狀語，說明中產業在做什么。在selling后面的這個部分，第一個that引導的是一個定語從句，修飾an internet-centric prosperity gospel，說明這個具體是什么，而后面的that there is no higher calling than to start your own company和 and that to succeed you must be willing to give up everything.是兩個that引起的賓語從句，充當says的賓語，都是says的對象。

Gary Vaynerchuk, a.k.a. Gary Vee, an entrepreneur and angel investor who has 1.5 million Twitter followers and a string of best-selling books with titles like “Crush It!?,” tells his acolytes they should be working 18 hours a day.

這個句子也是比較長的，我們還是先劃分一下意群：

Gary Vaynerchuk,?//?a.k.a. Gary Vee?//, an entrepreneur and angel investor?// who has 1.5 million Twitter followers and a string of best-selling books with titles like “Crush It!?,”//?tells his acolytes they should be working 18 hours a day.

這個句子的主干是：Gary Vaynerchuk tells his acolytes they should be working 18 hours a day.?其中a.k.a. Gary Vee部分是一個插入語，補充說明Gary Vaynerchuk的信息，an entrepreneur and angel investor who has 1.5 million Twitter followers and a string of best-selling books with titles like “Crush It!?,”這部分也是一個插入語，說明Gary Vaynerchuk的職業相關信息，而這部分中嵌套了一個who引起的定語從句，也是對Gary Vaynerchuk的身份信息的補充說明。

- THE END -

?

堅持就會有收獲！

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